Russian Federation
With climate change, ecosystems experience additional pressure from increasing anthropogenic load. The usual natural habitats of flora and fauna species change, which entails a change in the population size and main phases of the life cycle. Seasonal changes in the most important periodic phenomena in the annual life cycle of birds are very sensitive to climatic fluctuations, many of which have developed stable adaptive reactions to such changes in the process of evolution. In recent decades, climatic indicators have begun to change rapidly and, therefore, it is extremely important to conduct surveys and monitor changes in bird phenology to record the stability of ecosystems. Analysis of annually alternating stages of the life cycle of avifauna, namely, shifts in migration periods, dates of the nesting period and fluctuations in the number of species, clearly demonstrates the response to abiotic factors. Thus, the study and analysis of phenology patterns and long-term dynamics of bird numbers is one of the key aspects in solving the problem of the influence of climate on the component of the biosphere that is most sensitive to seasonal and synoptic fluctuations. Collecting information from long-term and modern studies in the field of phenological observations is extremely important.
phenology, observations, climate, avifauna, temperature, precipitation, censuses, migrations
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