Russian Federation
This paper reviews current methods for measuring internal (residual) stresses in wood. The methods are classified into destructive and non-destructive categories, with descriptions of their operating principles, advantages, and limitations. Special attention is given to ultrasonic, X-ray, and optical techniques. A comparative analysis is presented regarding the accuracy, accessibility, and applicability of each method to different types of wood. Promising directions for the development of stress measurement techniques in wooden materials are also highlighted.
internal stresses in wood, residual stresses, measurement methods, anisotropy, non-destructive testing, mechanical properties of wood
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