UDC 631.445.4
UDC 631.53.04
Long term use of Chernozem soil without sufficient application of organic fertilizers resulted in a significant decrease in the humus content. One of the ways to replenish the fresh organic matter in the soil is the combined sowing of legume with other crops. Such plantings contribute to an increased income of plant residues into the soil, rate of their mineralization and microbial activity of typical chernozem. Binary sunflower sowings with sweet clover and alfalfa improve main indicators of soil fertility thanks to an increased biological activity of typical chernozem, as well as to an increased rate of decomposition of linen (by 2.1-3.2 times on the variants of combined sowing of sunflower with legume crops as compared to pure sowing of sunflower. The aftereffect of binary sowing was registered in winter wheat plantings. Wheat planting in sweet clover and alfalfa fallow increased the rate of decomposition of linen by 2.8 and 3.2 times, respectively, as compared with plantings in complete fallow. In crop rotation with complete fallow during the germination of barley the coefficient of retrogradation was the highest and exceeded the values of other variants by 3-4 times. This indicates that in barley plantings there remain a great number of hard degradable plant residues. The succession of two crops with a wide C : N ratio leads to the accumulation in the soil of inhibitors of the decomposition of straw residues. Binary sowings of sunflower with sweet clover and alfalfa increased the relative index of biogenesity during the blossom and harvest time by 138% and 127%, respectively. Winter wheat yield was the highest in the variant of complete fallow, barley and sunflower in the rotation with binary sowings of crops.
binary sowings, fertility, chernozem soil, soil biological activity
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