Voronezh, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
In condition of Central Black Earth Region, protective roadside plantings are represented by linear biological objects, with the species composition of trees and shrubs selected according to local soil and climatic conditions. In middle-aged forest belts, with tree species including balsam poplar, silver birch, false acacia, green ash, and norway maple, planted at spacings of 2.5-3.0 m by 0.8-1.5 m and belt widths of 10.0–18.0 m, porous and openwork structures have formed. The survival rate of the tree species ranges from 16.8 to 73.6 %, with an average windbreak height of 7.0–16.6 m, an average diameter of 8.6-22.5 cm, and the protective plantings are classified under silvicultural-reclamation indices 4a, 4b, 5a and 5b. In poplar-birch roadside forest belts with an initial planting density of 4000–5762 trees per hectare, poplar exhibits the lowest survival rate (16.8-17.1 %). Its biometric growth indicators in terms of diameter and height are 9.8-24.8 % higher than those of birch. In terms of its ecological and biological properties, norway maple is used as a companion tree species. In plantations consisting of silver birch and false acacia, maple shows a low survival rate (32.7 %) and poor growth performance, placing it in site class III. In steppe conditions on ordinary chernozem, green ash lags behind balsam poplar and false acacia in height and diameter growth by 15.7-43.5 %. Protective plantings modify the ecological conditions of the landscape. This is evidenced by snow retention and distribution, increased humidity in the ground-level air layer, and a decrease in air temperature during the growing season. Consequently, this positive influence leads to increased productivity of agricultural cenoses within the protected zone of these areas.
roadside protective forest belts, growth, survival rate, biometric indicators, ecological-reclamation role
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