Voronezh, Russian Federation
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the results of long-term studies on aspen forests (Populus tremula L.) in the Voronezh region. Both natural populations and artificial stands created within breeding programs are considered. It has been established that aspen plays a key role in the structure of forest-steppe landscapes, occupying significant areas (up to 15% in the Voronezh Reserve) and performing important ecological functions as refugia in "aspen groves" (kolki) in the eastern part of the region. The research methodology includes forest inventory assessment, population structure analysis, and modern physiological methods for measuring photosynthetic gas exchange. Particular attention is paid to the results of 20-40-year trials of more than 20 clones and ecotypes in the Semiluki district under the leadership of A.P. Tsarev. The advantage of introduced triploid clones (e.g., "Es-38") was revealed, which exceed local forms in stem volume by 1.3–2.8 times and demonstrate high ecological plasticity and stability. The results confirm the high efficiency of using the aspen breeding fund to create fast-growing targeted plantations. Evaluation of physiological parameters (photosynthesis, transpiration) justifies the potential of selected genotypes for implementing forest-climate projects for carbon sequestration. The work forms a scientific basis for rational forest management and biodiversity conservation in the changing climate conditions of the Central Black Earth region.
aspen (Populus tremula L.), Voronezh region, breeding and clonal trials, stand productivity, photosynthesis
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