Russian Federation
The article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the operation of the engine cooling system of automotive equipment in the extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic (up to -50...-60 °C). The main focus is on the radiator as a key element of the system, which has conflicting requirements: fast engine heating at low temperatures and efficient heat removal at high loads. The physicochemical processes affecting radiator performance are considered: changes in the mechanical properties of aluminum alloys and polymer tanks (increased brittleness, reduced impact strength), a sharp increase in the viscosity of the coolant (8-10 times with a decrease from 20 °C to -40 °C), local crystallization and blockage of channels, corrosion under the action of deicing agents (chlorides), thermocyclic fatigue failure (after 100-150 cycles from -50 °C to +80 °C), as well as icing and contamination of the heat exchange surface, reducing the efficiency of heat transfer by 50-70%. The problems of cold start, air jams and incorrect operation of the thermostat are considered separately. The following promising solutions are proposed: the use of low-temperature antifreeze based on propylene glycol with nano additives (graphene, aluminum oxide) for operation up to -70 °C, the introduction of radiators with electric heating (heating elements 100-300 W), the use of composite tanks with a rubber layer to compensate for thermal expansion, protective anticorrosive coatings (zinc, aluminum) and the adaptation of system control algorithms cooling ("Arctic modes" of operation of the thermostat and fan).
cooling system, car, engine, Arctic, radiator, low temperatures, antifreeze, corrosion
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