Россия
Россия
Традиционные источники данных могут только статически отражать привычки и потребности жителей в поездках в течение короткого периода времени и не могут достичь эффекта исследования в реальном времени и долгосрочного отслеживания. Использование данных IC-карт городского общественного транспорта может точно отразить состояние работы автобусных линий и пассажиропоток, обладая такими преимуществами, как низкая стоимость, короткие временные затраты и высокая точность. В данной статье представлен статус использования IC-карт и процесс аутентификации IC-карт в одном из городов Китая, чтобы лучше проанализировать изменения в общественном пассажиропотоке и понять особенности поведения пассажиров городского общественного транспорта в автобусах.
ИТС, IC-карта автобуса, пассажиропоток
A smart card (IC, Intelligem Card) is designed to be a device that stores data and in most cases acts as a processing review data. Smart cards are not only portable but also long-lasting and are suitable for various purposes such as identification, authorization approval, and means of payment. As of 2024, there are a total of 918 bus lines in operation in Shenzhen public transportation (Fig 1), and the buses are equipped with front and rear doors, and each bus is equipped with a bus IC card reader, which is installed at the front door of the bus, near the driver's position, and stipulates that the bus passengers pass through the front door when boarding the bus, and pass through the rear door when getting off the bus. In addition to this, card-carrying passengers pay the fare by punching the card on board the bus and do not repeat the card when getting off the bus. When a bus passenger uses a bus IC card to pay for the fare, the accompanying card reader will record the passenger's card consumption information, and the specific consumption data items are shown in Table 1. The card consumption data of a day's operation of a bus vehicle will be reproduced into the company's intelligent management system database, which will provide data support for the bus company to carry out the daily operation and management.
Figure 1 – Shenzhen Bus Route
Table 1 – Card consumption data table
|
Data item |
Comment |
|
CARDNO |
Bus card number |
|
CONSUME |
The amount or frequency of consumption, bus cards are divided into two categories: monthly pass card and electronic wallet card. Monthly pass card is recorded according to the number of times, and electronic wallet card is recorded according to the amount. |
|
REMAINTIMES |
The remaining number of monthly pass cards |
|
BALANCE |
E-wallet remaining amount |
|
CONSUMEDATE |
Card swiping time, accurate to seconds |
|
CONSUMETYPE |
Swipe type |
|
LINENO |
Line number |
|
BUSNO |
vehicle number |
As can be seen from Table 1-1, the card consumption data information includes some basic information about the cardholder's travel, such as the passenger's boarding time, the bus route, and the amount of money spent, etc. However, there is a lack of information about the bus stop where the passenger boards and the bus stop where the passenger gets off. But the lack of bus passengers on the bus station information and get off information, such as bus passengers off the station, get off time. Nevertheless, compared with the traditional data sources, the bus IC card consumption data still has the following three advantages: First, the public transportation operating companies can obtain a rich and large number of passengers' personal travel data information; second, a single bus IC card consumption data corresponds to a single bus IC card, and with the index of the bus IC card number, it can be searched to the cardholder's consecutive one-day, one-week, or even longer travel record information; second, the single bus IC card consumption data corresponds to a single bus IC card. Third, by analyzing the bus IC card registration data, consumption data and recharge data, public transportation operators can locate their customer groups and conduct dynamic analysis and research.
Public transportation IC card data effectively responds to passenger travel information, taking public transportation IC card data information table 2 as an example, and the corresponding field comments in the table are shown in table 3.
Table 2 – City bus IC card data information table
|
card_num |
time |
line |
bus |
LONGITUDE |
LATITUDE |
stationnam |
|
10001001091580 |
15.03.2017 7:23 |
5251 |
21 |
108.987433 |
34.22083 |
Yuejiazhai Bus Dispatching Station |
|
10001000798532 |
15.03.2017 7:23 |
5251 |
21 |
108.987251 |
34.220805 |
Yuejiazhai Bus Dispatching Station |
|
10001000182716 |
15.03.2017 7:24 |
5251 |
21 |
108.985253 |
34.220625 |
Beichitou 2nd Road Interchange |
|
10001000119280 |
15.03.2017 7:25 |
5251 |
21 |
108.983638 |
34.219744 |
Beichitou 2nd Road Interchange |
|
10001000672059 |
15.03.2017 7:28 |
5251 |
21 |
108.97766 |
34.2155 |
Beichitou 2nd Road, Furong East Road Intersection |
|
10001000179188 |
15.03.2017 7:28 |
5251 |
21 |
108.97766 |
34.2155 |
Beichitou 2nd Road, Furong East Road Intersection |
Table 3 – Bus IC card data field description
|
Name |
type |
detail |
|
card_num |
character |
IC card number |
|
time |
time |
date and time |
|
line |
character |
Line number |
|
bus |
character |
Line name |
|
LONGITUDE |
number |
longitude |
|
LATITUDE |
number |
latitude |
|
stationnam |
character |
Station name |
IC card authentication process in IC card charging system is divided into three steps:
1) Realize the card number authentication code algorithm process, the process is as follows:
Figure 4 – Block diagrarm for Card No authentication code algonthm graph
Since CNS is a unique code, it is not possible to duplicate the same card .
2) The algorithmic process to realize the card authentication code (Card_MAC), the process is as follows:
Card_MAC = 3DES (Key,Data)
Card_MAC: card authentication code
Key: card authentication code special key (DES encryption key)
Data: encrypted data by the unique code (CSN) + issue number + city code composition
Encrypted data and card authentication key for DES encryption operations obtained 8-byte results, take the result of the high 4 bytes to get Card_MAC
3) Generate the read and write keys for each sector. The process is as follows:
Key_Ax = DES(Key_MA,Data)
Key_Bx = DES(Key_MB,Data)
Key_MA: is the read master key
Key_MB: for writing the master key
The emergence of new data sources in the field of public transportation brings opportunities for related research and also poses challenges for researchers. The data collection scale of public transportation system grows exponentially, the information collected is enriched, and the public transportation 1C card swipe data exists in the form of offline massive data, based on which the provision of more accurate, comprehensive, and intelligent traffic management and information services has become a hotspot of research and development of the current intelligent transportation system. Providing scalable and visualized public transport applications for massive and diversified public transport 1C card data has become one of the key demands in the construction of the current ITS.
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