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сотрудник с 01.01.1921 по настоящее время
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Возможности технологии распознавания изображений показывают, как далеко продвинулись компьютеры. Они оказывают серьезное влияние на многие области, такие как медицинское сканирование и самоуправляемые автомобили. Python играет центральную роль в разработке этих технологий, поскольку он прост в использовании и имеет множество инструментов, таких как TensorFlow и PyTorch, которые упрощают понимание сложных моделей машинного обучения. В этой статье подробно рассказывается о том, как создать систему распознавания изображений на основе Python. Он охватывает каждый этап - от сбора наборов данных и их подготовки до выбора моделей нейронных сетей.
распознавание изображений, искусственный интеллект, набор данных COCO, нейронная сеть, Python
The emergence of digital technology has facilitated a fast and significant increase in the quantity and diversity of digital pictures, hence offering opportunities for the development of complex image recognition algorithms. Artificial intelligence (AI) relies heavily on image recognition, which is the process of identifying and categorizing various features – such as people, objects, symbols, and actions – that may be seen in pictures. There are many different uses for image recognition in many domains. These include applying facial recognition technology to improve security protocols, using medical imaging analysis to diagnose patients more accurately, and incorporating augmented reality technology to improve customer experiences in the retail and entertainment industries. Python's extensive collection of libraries and frameworks, such as TensorFlow, Keras, and PyTorch, has contributed to its growing appeal as a programming language for creating image recognition models. These technologies provide a streamlined depiction of complex algorithms and mathematical procedures, facilitating the creation of sophisticated models with ease. This article offers a comprehensive examination of the procedure involved in the development of an image recognition system utilizing the Python programming language. It encompasses the entire process, from initiation to completion, with a specific focus on practical application and theoretical understanding.
Figure 1 – Image Recognition
Data Collection
It is crucial to have an extensive and all-inclusive dataset. The dataset that is chosen depends on the specific requirements of the image recognition analysis that is being carried out. There are two widely used datasets in the field of image identification, each of which is particularly designed to tackle different goals and complexities. The ImageNet dataset comprises a large collection of over 14 million images that have been accurately labeled, encompassing a diverse array of more than 20,000 distinct categories. The arrangement of the collection is structured according to the WordNet hierarchy, which classifies photographs into many sets of synonyms, ensuring a significant degree of comprehensiveness. ImageNet is particularly beneficial for training and testing deep neural networks in general object recognition and classification applications.
The
Figure 2 –
It could be essential in some particular applications to compile a customized dataset. To obtain a thorough representation that includes a wide variety of changes in light, perspective, backdrop, and occlusions, the approach involves establishing clear criteria for image inclusion. Methods for creating a custom dataset include the following components. Web Scraping: Web scraping is the process of automating the retrieval of photos from websites using scripts. Python Beautiful Soup and Selenium packages provide the ability to crawl web pages and retrieve images that meet predefined criteria.
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can hierarchically handle visual input, they are essential for most photo identification applications. However, the choice of architecture (e.g., AlexNet, ResNet, VGG, etc.) depends on the computing resources available and the difficulty of the task. Transfer learning might save a great deal of time and computer power by using pre-trained models on large datasets and tailoring them to particular applications.
Figure 3 – Image Recogition Model Design
Design
In the design phase, the process involves the configuration of the layers and architecture of the model. Important factors to pay attention to are listed below. Network depth: increasing the number of layers can effectively capture intricate patterns, but it also raises the likelihood of overfitting and computing requirements. Activation functions, such as ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit), provide nonlinearity to the model, allowing it to learn intricate patterns. Pooling layers are a technique used to decrease the complexity and computing burden of a model, while still preserving significant characteristics. Various regularization approaches, like as dropout, L2 regularization, and batch normalization, are employed to mitigate the issue of overfitting and enhance the generalizability of the model.
Implementation
Creating an environment for Python development involves choosing an IDE (Integrated Development Environment) or notebook interface (Jupyter), and getting necessary libraries (PyTorch, TensorFlow, NumPy, and Matplotlib) through package managers (pip or conda). In the realm of image preparation activities, libraries such as OpenCV and PIL (Python Imaging Library) play a crucial role. The implementation of code snippets for resizing, normalization, and augmentation can automate the pretreatment workflow, hence enhancing the efficiency of dataset preparation for training. The architectural design of the model may be established by employing libraries like as TensorFlow or PyTorch. The training procedure starts by compiling the model, which incorporates an optimizer, loss function, and measurements.
As we can see, the Python programming language has wide application possibilities in image recognition, and contributes to the development of this area of artificial intelligence.
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